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    <title>SevCatOneNumNestedOneObsPerGroup.knit</title>

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<div class="mycontent">




<p><br><br><br> This document gives a few suggestions to analyse a
<code>nested</code> or <code>hierarchical</code> dataset in which a
numeric value is available for each leaf. This kind of data has an
origine node that gives birth to subsequent nodes and so on until the
final leaves.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Take the world population of 250 countries as an example. The world
is divided in continent (group), continent are divided in regions
(subgroup), and regions are divided in countries. In this tree
structure, countries are considered as leaves: they are at the end of
the branches.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Data come from wikipedia, formatted thanks to these 2 pages. (<a
href="https://github.com/mledoze/countries">1</a>, <a
href="http://bl.ocks.org/ganeshv/6a8e9ada3ab7f2d88022">2</a>). A clean
<code>.csv</code> file is available on <a
href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/holtzy/data_to_viz/master/Example_dataset/11_SevCatOneNumNestedOneObsPerGroup.csv">github</a>.
It looks like that:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Libraries</span></span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse)</span>
<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(hrbrthemes)</span>
<span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(kableExtra)</span>
<span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">options</span>(<span class="at">knitr.table.format =</span> <span class="st">&quot;html&quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb1-6"><a href="#cb1-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(viridis)</span>
<span id="cb1-7"><a href="#cb1-7" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-8"><a href="#cb1-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Load dataset from github</span></span>
<span id="cb1-9"><a href="#cb1-9" tabindex="-1"></a>data <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">read.table</span>(<span class="st">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/holtzy/data_to_viz/master/Example_dataset/11_SevCatOneNumNestedOneObsPerGroup.csv&quot;</span>, <span class="at">header=</span>T, <span class="at">sep=</span><span class="st">&quot;;&quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb1-10"><a href="#cb1-10" tabindex="-1"></a>data[ <span class="fu">which</span>(data<span class="sc">$</span>value<span class="sc">==-</span><span class="dv">1</span>),<span class="st">&quot;value&quot;</span>] <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="dv">1</span></span>
<span id="cb1-11"><a href="#cb1-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">colnames</span>(data) <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Continent&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;Region&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;Country&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;Pop&quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb1-12"><a href="#cb1-12" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-13"><a href="#cb1-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># show data</span></span>
<span id="cb1-14"><a href="#cb1-14" tabindex="-1"></a>data <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> <span class="fu">head</span>(<span class="dv">3</span>) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> <span class="fu">kable</span>() <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb1-15"><a href="#cb1-15" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">kable_styling</span>(<span class="at">bootstrap_options =</span> <span class="st">&quot;striped&quot;</span>, <span class="at">full_width =</span> F)</span></code></pre></div>
<table class="table table-striped" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;">
Continent
</th>
<th style="text-align:left;">
Region
</th>
<th style="text-align:left;">
Country
</th>
<th style="text-align:right;">
Pop
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Asia
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Southern Asia
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Afghanistan
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
25500100
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Europe
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Northern Europe
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Åland Islands
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
28502
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Europe
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Southern Europe
</td>
<td style="text-align:left;">
Albania
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
2821977
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div id="treemap" class="section level1">
<h1>Treemap</h1>
<hr />
<p>A <a
href="https://www.data-to-viz.com/graph/treemap.html">treemap</a>
represents each node of the hierarchical structure as a square. Each
square area is proportionnal to its value: the population here.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(treemap)</span>
<span id="cb2-2"><a href="#cb2-2" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb2-3"><a href="#cb2-3" tabindex="-1"></a>p <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">treemap</span>(</span>
<span id="cb2-4"><a href="#cb2-4" tabindex="-1"></a>  data,</span>
<span id="cb2-5"><a href="#cb2-5" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb2-6"><a href="#cb2-6" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="co"># data</span></span>
<span id="cb2-7"><a href="#cb2-7" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">index=</span><span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Continent&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;Region&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;Country&quot;</span>),</span>
<span id="cb2-8"><a href="#cb2-8" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">vSize=</span><span class="st">&quot;Pop&quot;</span>,</span>
<span id="cb2-9"><a href="#cb2-9" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">type=</span><span class="st">&quot;index&quot;</span>,</span>
<span id="cb2-10"><a href="#cb2-10" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">title=</span><span class="st">&quot;&quot;</span>,</span>
<span id="cb2-11"><a href="#cb2-11" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">palette=</span><span class="st">&quot;Dark2&quot;</span>,</span>
<span id="cb2-12"><a href="#cb2-12" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb2-13"><a href="#cb2-13" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="co"># Borders</span></span>
<span id="cb2-14"><a href="#cb2-14" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">border.col=</span><span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">&quot;black&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;grey&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;grey&quot;</span>),</span>
<span id="cb2-15"><a href="#cb2-15" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">border.lwds=</span><span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="fl">0.5</span>,<span class="fl">0.1</span>),</span>
<span id="cb2-16"><a href="#cb2-16" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb2-17"><a href="#cb2-17" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="co"># Labels</span></span>
<span id="cb2-18"><a href="#cb2-18" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">fontcolor.labels=</span><span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">&quot;white&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;white&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;black&quot;</span>),</span>
<span id="cb2-19"><a href="#cb2-19" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">fontface.labels=</span><span class="dv">1</span>,</span>
<span id="cb2-20"><a href="#cb2-20" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">bg.labels=</span><span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">&quot;transparent&quot;</span>),</span>
<span id="cb2-21"><a href="#cb2-21" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">align.labels=</span><span class="fu">list</span>( <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">&quot;center&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;center&quot;</span>), <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">&quot;left&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;top&quot;</span>), <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">&quot;right&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;bottom&quot;</span>)),</span>
<span id="cb2-22"><a href="#cb2-22" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">overlap.labels=</span><span class="fl">0.5</span>,</span>
<span id="cb2-23"><a href="#cb2-23" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">fontsize.labels=</span><span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">32</span>, <span class="dv">20</span>, <span class="dv">13</span>)</span>
<span id="cb2-24"><a href="#cb2-24" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="SevCatOneNumNestedOneObsPerGroup_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-1.png" width="768" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></p>
<p>Here, the importance of Asia pops out obviously. It is also possible
to understand that Southern and Eastern Asia are the most densely
populated part of Asia.</p>
<div id="interactive" class="section level2">
<h2>Interactive</h2>
<p>It is quite common to use an <code>interactive version</code> of the
treemap. Indeed, it allows to dig further in the hierarchy. Click on a
continent to zoom on it and so on.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(d3treeR)</span>
<span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">d3tree2</span>( p ,  <span class="at">rootname =</span> <span class="st">&quot;General&quot;</span> )</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="d3tree2 html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-652bdc11f1c3ec3f136e" style="width:864px;height:480px;"></div>
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</div>
</div>
<div id="circle-packing" class="section level1">
<h1>Circle packing</h1>
<hr />
<p><a
href="https://www.data-to-viz.com/graph/circularpacking.html">Circle
packing</a> follows the same idea than <a
href="https://www.data-to-viz.com/graph/treemap.html">treemap</a>,
except that it uses circles instead of squares to represent each nodes.
Because of that it uses space less efficiently. However groups are more
obvious and the figure appear less cluttered.</p>
<center>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Libraries</span></span>
<span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(circlepackeR)</span>
<span id="cb4-3"><a href="#cb4-3" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb4-4"><a href="#cb4-4" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb4-5"><a href="#cb4-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Remove a few problematic lines</span></span>
<span id="cb4-6"><a href="#cb4-6" tabindex="-1"></a>data <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> data <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(Continent<span class="sc">!=</span><span class="st">&quot;&quot;</span>) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> <span class="fu">droplevels</span>()</span>
<span id="cb4-7"><a href="#cb4-7" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb4-8"><a href="#cb4-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Change the format. This use the data.tree library. This library needs a column that looks like root/group/subgroup/..., so I build it</span></span>
<span id="cb4-9"><a href="#cb4-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(data.tree)</span>
<span id="cb4-10"><a href="#cb4-10" tabindex="-1"></a>data<span class="sc">$</span>pathString <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">paste</span>(<span class="st">&quot;world&quot;</span>, data<span class="sc">$</span>Continent, data<span class="sc">$</span>Region, data<span class="sc">$</span>Country, <span class="at">sep =</span> <span class="st">&quot;/&quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb4-11"><a href="#cb4-11" tabindex="-1"></a>population <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">as.Node</span>(data)</span>
<span id="cb4-12"><a href="#cb4-12" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb4-13"><a href="#cb4-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># You can custom the minimum and maximum value of the color range.</span></span>
<span id="cb4-14"><a href="#cb4-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">circlepackeR</span>(population, <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="st">&quot;Pop&quot;</span>, <span class="at">color_min =</span> <span class="st">&quot;hsl(56,80%,80%)&quot;</span>, <span class="at">color_max =</span> <span class="st">&quot;hsl(341,30%,40%)&quot;</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="circlepackeR html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-97d47e2427fefa8b0784" style="width:864px;height:576px;"></div>
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</center>
</div>
<div id="lollipop" class="section level1">
<h1>Lollipop</h1>
<hr />
<p>A <a
href="https://www.data-to-viz.com/graph/lollipop.html">lollipop</a> plot
is basically a <a
href="https://www.data-to-viz.com/graph/barplot.html">barplot</a>, where
the bar is transformed in a line and a dot. It shows the relationship
between a numeric and a categoric variable.</p>
<p>It can be a good option if your interested in the value of each leaf,
but do not really care about the hierarchy of the dataset. For instance,
if you wonder which country as the highest population size. Here, China
and India pop out clearly.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" tabindex="-1"></a>data <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">filter</span>(<span class="sc">!</span><span class="fu">is.na</span>(Pop)) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">arrange</span>(Pop) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">tail</span>(<span class="dv">20</span>) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">Country=</span><span class="fu">factor</span>(Country, Country)) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">Pop=</span>Pop<span class="sc">/</span><span class="dv">1000000</span>) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-7"><a href="#cb5-7" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">ggplot</span>( <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span>Country, <span class="at">y=</span>Pop) ) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb5-8"><a href="#cb5-8" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">geom_segment</span>( <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span>Country ,<span class="at">xend=</span>Country, <span class="at">y=</span><span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="at">yend=</span>Pop), <span class="at">color=</span><span class="st">&quot;grey&quot;</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb5-9"><a href="#cb5-9" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">size=</span><span class="dv">3</span>, <span class="at">color=</span><span class="st">&quot;#69b3a2&quot;</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb5-10"><a href="#cb5-10" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">coord_flip</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb5-11"><a href="#cb5-11" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">theme_ipsum</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb5-12"><a href="#cb5-12" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">theme</span>(</span>
<span id="cb5-13"><a href="#cb5-13" tabindex="-1"></a>      <span class="at">panel.grid.minor.y =</span> <span class="fu">element_blank</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb5-14"><a href="#cb5-14" tabindex="-1"></a>      <span class="at">panel.grid.major.y =</span> <span class="fu">element_blank</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb5-15"><a href="#cb5-15" tabindex="-1"></a>      <span class="at">legend.position=</span><span class="st">&quot;none&quot;</span></span>
<span id="cb5-16"><a href="#cb5-16" tabindex="-1"></a>    ) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb5-17"><a href="#cb5-17" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">xlab</span>(<span class="st">&quot;&quot;</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb5-18"><a href="#cb5-18" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">ylab</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Population (M)&quot;</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="SevCatOneNumNestedOneObsPerGroup_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-5-1.png" width="672" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></p>
<p>Note that you can still show a few levels of the hierarchy using
color, small multiple, or simply sorting entities by group and then by
population. Here is an example using this last approach:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" tabindex="-1"></a>data <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">filter</span>(<span class="sc">!</span><span class="fu">is.na</span>(Pop)) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb6-3"><a href="#cb6-3" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">arrange</span>(Pop) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb6-4"><a href="#cb6-4" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">tail</span>(<span class="dv">50</span>) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb6-5"><a href="#cb6-5" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">arrange</span>(Continent, Pop) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb6-6"><a href="#cb6-6" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">Country=</span><span class="fu">factor</span>(Country, Country)) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb6-7"><a href="#cb6-7" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">Pop=</span>Pop<span class="sc">/</span><span class="dv">1000000</span>) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb6-8"><a href="#cb6-8" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">ggplot</span>( <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span>Country, <span class="at">y=</span>Pop, <span class="at">color=</span>Continent) ) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb6-9"><a href="#cb6-9" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">geom_segment</span>( <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span>Country ,<span class="at">xend=</span>Country, <span class="at">y=</span><span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="at">yend=</span>Pop), <span class="at">color=</span><span class="st">&quot;grey&quot;</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb6-10"><a href="#cb6-10" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">size=</span><span class="dv">3</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb6-11"><a href="#cb6-11" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">scale_color_viridis</span>(<span class="at">discrete=</span><span class="cn">TRUE</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb6-12"><a href="#cb6-12" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">coord_flip</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb6-13"><a href="#cb6-13" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">theme_ipsum</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb6-14"><a href="#cb6-14" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">theme</span>(</span>
<span id="cb6-15"><a href="#cb6-15" tabindex="-1"></a>      <span class="at">panel.grid.minor.y =</span> <span class="fu">element_blank</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb6-16"><a href="#cb6-16" tabindex="-1"></a>      <span class="at">panel.grid.major.y =</span> <span class="fu">element_blank</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb6-17"><a href="#cb6-17" tabindex="-1"></a>      <span class="at">legend.position=</span><span class="st">&quot;none&quot;</span></span>
<span id="cb6-18"><a href="#cb6-18" tabindex="-1"></a>    ) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb6-19"><a href="#cb6-19" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">xlab</span>(<span class="st">&quot;&quot;</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb6-20"><a href="#cb6-20" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">ylab</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Population (M)&quot;</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="SevCatOneNumNestedOneObsPerGroup_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-6-1.png" width="672" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div id="circular-version" class="section level1">
<h1>Circular version</h1>
<hr />
<p>Note that it is possible to make a <a
href="https://www.data-to-viz.com/graph/circularbarplot.html">circular
version</a> of your barplot or lollipop plot. In my opinion, this kind
of representation works especially well when you have several groups and
obvious patterns. Indeed, it suits the world population dataset not too
bad:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb7-1"><a href="#cb7-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># prepare data:</span></span>
<span id="cb7-2"><a href="#cb7-2" tabindex="-1"></a>data <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> data <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb7-3"><a href="#cb7-3" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">filter</span>(<span class="sc">!</span><span class="fu">is.na</span>(Pop)) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb7-4"><a href="#cb7-4" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">filter</span>(Continent<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">&quot;Africa&quot;</span>) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb7-5"><a href="#cb7-5" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">arrange</span>(Pop) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb7-6"><a href="#cb7-6" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">arrange</span>(Region, Pop) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb7-7"><a href="#cb7-7" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">Country=</span><span class="fu">factor</span>(Country, Country)) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb7-8"><a href="#cb7-8" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">Pop=</span>Pop<span class="sc">/</span><span class="dv">1000000</span>) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb7-9"><a href="#cb7-9" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">select</span>(Region, Country, Pop) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb7-10"><a href="#cb7-10" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">droplevels</span>()</span>
<span id="cb7-11"><a href="#cb7-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">colnames</span>(data) <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">&quot;group&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;individual&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;value&quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb7-12"><a href="#cb7-12" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-13"><a href="#cb7-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Set a number of &#39;empty bar&#39; to add at the end of each group</span></span>
<span id="cb7-14"><a href="#cb7-14" tabindex="-1"></a>empty_bar<span class="ot">=</span><span class="dv">3</span></span>
<span id="cb7-15"><a href="#cb7-15" tabindex="-1"></a>to_add <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="fu">data.frame</span>( <span class="fu">matrix</span>(<span class="cn">NA</span>, empty_bar<span class="sc">*</span><span class="fu">nlevels</span>(data<span class="sc">$</span>group), <span class="fu">ncol</span>(data)) )</span>
<span id="cb7-16"><a href="#cb7-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">colnames</span>(to_add) <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="fu">colnames</span>(data)</span>
<span id="cb7-17"><a href="#cb7-17" tabindex="-1"></a>to_add<span class="sc">$</span>group<span class="ot">=</span><span class="fu">rep</span>(<span class="fu">levels</span>(data<span class="sc">$</span>group), <span class="at">each=</span>empty_bar)</span>
<span id="cb7-18"><a href="#cb7-18" tabindex="-1"></a>data<span class="ot">=</span><span class="fu">rbind</span>(data, to_add)</span>
<span id="cb7-19"><a href="#cb7-19" tabindex="-1"></a>data<span class="ot">=</span>data <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> <span class="fu">arrange</span>(group)</span>
<span id="cb7-20"><a href="#cb7-20" tabindex="-1"></a>data<span class="sc">$</span>id<span class="ot">=</span><span class="fu">seq</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="fu">nrow</span>(data))</span>
<span id="cb7-21"><a href="#cb7-21" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-22"><a href="#cb7-22" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Get the name and the y position of each label</span></span>
<span id="cb7-23"><a href="#cb7-23" tabindex="-1"></a>label_data<span class="ot">=</span>data</span>
<span id="cb7-24"><a href="#cb7-24" tabindex="-1"></a>number_of_bar<span class="ot">=</span><span class="fu">nrow</span>(label_data)</span>
<span id="cb7-25"><a href="#cb7-25" tabindex="-1"></a>angle<span class="ot">=</span> <span class="dv">90</span> <span class="sc">-</span> <span class="dv">360</span> <span class="sc">*</span> (label_data<span class="sc">$</span>id<span class="fl">-0.5</span>) <span class="sc">/</span>number_of_bar     <span class="co"># I substract 0.5 because the letter must have the angle of the center of the bars. Not extreme right(1) or extreme left (0)</span></span>
<span id="cb7-26"><a href="#cb7-26" tabindex="-1"></a>label_data<span class="sc">$</span>hjust <span class="ot">&lt;-</span><span class="fu">ifelse</span>( angle <span class="sc">&lt;</span> <span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">90</span>, <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="dv">0</span>)</span>
<span id="cb7-27"><a href="#cb7-27" tabindex="-1"></a>label_data<span class="sc">$</span>angle <span class="ot">&lt;-</span><span class="fu">ifelse</span>(angle <span class="sc">&lt;</span> <span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">90</span>, angle<span class="sc">+</span><span class="dv">180</span>, angle)</span>
<span id="cb7-28"><a href="#cb7-28" tabindex="-1"></a>label_data<span class="sc">$</span>individual <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">gsub</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Democratic Republic of the Congo&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;R. D. Congo&quot;</span>, label_data<span class="sc">$</span>individual)</span>
<span id="cb7-29"><a href="#cb7-29" tabindex="-1"></a>label_data<span class="sc">$</span>value[<span class="fu">which</span>(label_data<span class="sc">$</span>individual <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">&quot;Nigeria&quot;</span>)] <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="dv">130</span></span>
<span id="cb7-30"><a href="#cb7-30" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-31"><a href="#cb7-31" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># prepare a data frame for base lines</span></span>
<span id="cb7-32"><a href="#cb7-32" tabindex="-1"></a>base_data<span class="ot">=</span>data <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb7-33"><a href="#cb7-33" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">group_by</span>(group) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb7-34"><a href="#cb7-34" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">start=</span><span class="fu">min</span>(id), <span class="at">end=</span><span class="fu">max</span>(id) <span class="sc">-</span> empty_bar) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb7-35"><a href="#cb7-35" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">rowwise</span>() <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb7-36"><a href="#cb7-36" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">title=</span><span class="fu">mean</span>(<span class="fu">c</span>(start, end))) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb7-37"><a href="#cb7-37" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">group =</span> <span class="fu">gsub</span>(<span class="st">&quot; Africa&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;&quot;</span>, group)) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb7-38"><a href="#cb7-38" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">group =</span> <span class="fu">gsub</span>(<span class="st">&quot;ern&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;&quot;</span>, group))</span>
<span id="cb7-39"><a href="#cb7-39" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-40"><a href="#cb7-40" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># prepare a data frame for grid (scales)</span></span>
<span id="cb7-41"><a href="#cb7-41" tabindex="-1"></a>grid_data <span class="ot">=</span> base_data</span>
<span id="cb7-42"><a href="#cb7-42" tabindex="-1"></a>grid_data<span class="sc">$</span>end <span class="ot">=</span> grid_data<span class="sc">$</span>end[ <span class="fu">c</span>( <span class="fu">nrow</span>(grid_data), <span class="dv">1</span><span class="sc">:</span><span class="fu">nrow</span>(grid_data)<span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">1</span>)] <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="dv">1</span></span>
<span id="cb7-43"><a href="#cb7-43" tabindex="-1"></a>grid_data<span class="sc">$</span>start <span class="ot">=</span> grid_data<span class="sc">$</span>start <span class="sc">-</span> <span class="dv">1</span></span>
<span id="cb7-44"><a href="#cb7-44" tabindex="-1"></a>grid_data<span class="ot">=</span>grid_data[<span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">1</span>,]</span>
<span id="cb7-45"><a href="#cb7-45" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-46"><a href="#cb7-46" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Make the plot</span></span>
<span id="cb7-47"><a href="#cb7-47" tabindex="-1"></a>p <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(data, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span><span class="fu">as.factor</span>(id), <span class="at">y=</span>value, <span class="at">fill=</span>group)) <span class="sc">+</span>       <span class="co"># Note that id is a factor. If x is numeric, there is some space between the first bar</span></span>
<span id="cb7-48"><a href="#cb7-48" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-49"><a href="#cb7-49" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="co"># Main bars</span></span>
<span id="cb7-50"><a href="#cb7-50" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">geom_bar</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span><span class="fu">as.factor</span>(id), <span class="at">y=</span>value, <span class="at">fill=</span>group), <span class="at">stat=</span><span class="st">&quot;identity&quot;</span>, <span class="at">alpha=</span><span class="fl">0.5</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb7-51"><a href="#cb7-51" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">scale_fill_viridis</span>(<span class="at">discrete=</span>T) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb7-52"><a href="#cb7-52" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-53"><a href="#cb7-53" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="co"># Add a val=100/75/50/25 lines. I do it at the beginning to make sur barplots are OVER it.</span></span>
<span id="cb7-54"><a href="#cb7-54" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">geom_segment</span>(<span class="at">data=</span>grid_data, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> end, <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="dv">80</span>, <span class="at">xend =</span> start, <span class="at">yend =</span> <span class="dv">80</span>), <span class="at">colour =</span> <span class="st">&quot;grey&quot;</span>, <span class="at">alpha=</span><span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="at">size=</span><span class="fl">0.3</span> , <span class="at">inherit.aes =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span> ) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb7-55"><a href="#cb7-55" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">geom_segment</span>(<span class="at">data=</span>grid_data, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> end, <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="dv">60</span>, <span class="at">xend =</span> start, <span class="at">yend =</span> <span class="dv">60</span>), <span class="at">colour =</span> <span class="st">&quot;grey&quot;</span>, <span class="at">alpha=</span><span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="at">size=</span><span class="fl">0.3</span> , <span class="at">inherit.aes =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span> ) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb7-56"><a href="#cb7-56" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">geom_segment</span>(<span class="at">data=</span>grid_data, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> end, <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="dv">40</span>, <span class="at">xend =</span> start, <span class="at">yend =</span> <span class="dv">40</span>), <span class="at">colour =</span> <span class="st">&quot;grey&quot;</span>, <span class="at">alpha=</span><span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="at">size=</span><span class="fl">0.3</span> , <span class="at">inherit.aes =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span> ) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb7-57"><a href="#cb7-57" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">geom_segment</span>(<span class="at">data=</span>grid_data, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> end, <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="dv">20</span>, <span class="at">xend =</span> start, <span class="at">yend =</span> <span class="dv">20</span>), <span class="at">colour =</span> <span class="st">&quot;grey&quot;</span>, <span class="at">alpha=</span><span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="at">size=</span><span class="fl">0.3</span> , <span class="at">inherit.aes =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span> ) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb7-58"><a href="#cb7-58" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-59"><a href="#cb7-59" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="co"># Add text showing the value of each 100/75/50/25 lines</span></span>
<span id="cb7-60"><a href="#cb7-60" tabindex="-1"></a>  ggplot2<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">annotate</span>(<span class="st">&quot;text&quot;</span>, <span class="at">x =</span> <span class="fu">rep</span>(<span class="fu">max</span>(data<span class="sc">$</span>id),<span class="dv">4</span>), <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">20</span>, <span class="dv">40</span>, <span class="dv">60</span>, <span class="dv">80</span>), <span class="at">label =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">&quot;20&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;40&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;60&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;80&quot;</span>) , <span class="at">color=</span><span class="st">&quot;grey&quot;</span>, <span class="at">size=</span><span class="dv">3</span> , <span class="at">angle=</span><span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="at">fontface=</span><span class="st">&quot;bold&quot;</span>, <span class="at">hjust=</span><span class="dv">1</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb7-61"><a href="#cb7-61" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-62"><a href="#cb7-62" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">geom_bar</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span><span class="fu">as.factor</span>(id), <span class="at">y=</span>value, <span class="at">fill=</span>group), <span class="at">stat=</span><span class="st">&quot;identity&quot;</span>, <span class="at">alpha=</span><span class="fl">0.5</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb7-63"><a href="#cb7-63" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">ylim</span>(<span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">70</span>,<span class="dv">180</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb7-64"><a href="#cb7-64" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">theme_minimal</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb7-65"><a href="#cb7-65" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">theme</span>(</span>
<span id="cb7-66"><a href="#cb7-66" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="at">legend.position =</span> <span class="st">&quot;none&quot;</span>,</span>
<span id="cb7-67"><a href="#cb7-67" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="at">axis.text =</span> <span class="fu">element_blank</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb7-68"><a href="#cb7-68" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="at">axis.title =</span> <span class="fu">element_blank</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb7-69"><a href="#cb7-69" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="at">panel.grid =</span> <span class="fu">element_blank</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb7-70"><a href="#cb7-70" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="at">plot.margin =</span> <span class="fu">unit</span>(<span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">3</span>,<span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">5</span>,<span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">5</span>,<span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">5</span>), <span class="st">&quot;cm&quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb7-71"><a href="#cb7-71" tabindex="-1"></a>  ) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb7-72"><a href="#cb7-72" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">coord_polar</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb7-73"><a href="#cb7-73" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">geom_text</span>(<span class="at">data=</span>label_data, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span>id, <span class="at">y=</span>value<span class="sc">+</span><span class="dv">10</span>, <span class="at">label=</span>individual, <span class="at">hjust=</span>hjust), <span class="at">color=</span><span class="st">&quot;black&quot;</span>, <span class="at">fontface=</span><span class="st">&quot;bold&quot;</span>,<span class="at">alpha=</span><span class="fl">0.6</span>, <span class="at">size=</span><span class="fl">2.5</span>, <span class="at">angle=</span> label_data<span class="sc">$</span>angle, <span class="at">inherit.aes =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span> ) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb7-74"><a href="#cb7-74" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-75"><a href="#cb7-75" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="co"># Add base line information</span></span>
<span id="cb7-76"><a href="#cb7-76" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">geom_segment</span>(<span class="at">data=</span>base_data, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> start, <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">5</span>, <span class="at">xend =</span> end, <span class="at">yend =</span> <span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">5</span>), <span class="at">colour =</span> <span class="st">&quot;black&quot;</span>, <span class="at">alpha=</span><span class="fl">0.8</span>, <span class="at">size=</span><span class="fl">0.6</span> , <span class="at">inherit.aes =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span> )  <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb7-77"><a href="#cb7-77" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">geom_text</span>(<span class="at">data=</span>base_data, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> title, <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">15</span>, <span class="at">label=</span>group), <span class="at">hjust=</span><span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="fl">0.5</span>,<span class="dv">0</span>,<span class="dv">0</span>), <span class="at">colour =</span> <span class="st">&quot;black&quot;</span>, <span class="at">alpha=</span><span class="fl">0.8</span>, <span class="at">size=</span><span class="dv">3</span>, <span class="at">fontface=</span><span class="st">&quot;bold&quot;</span>, <span class="at">inherit.aes =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>)</span>
<span id="cb7-78"><a href="#cb7-78" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-79"><a href="#cb7-79" tabindex="-1"></a>p</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="SevCatOneNumNestedOneObsPerGroup_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-7-1.png" width="672" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></p>
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            src=https://github.com/holtzy/data_to_viz/raw/master/img/section/CircularBarplot150.png></a
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            src=https://github.com/holtzy/data_to_viz/raw/master/img/section/Tree150.png></a
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            src=https://github.com/holtzy/data_to_viz/raw/master/img/section/CircularPacking150.png></a
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            <a href="https://www.data-to-viz.com">Data To Viz</a> is a
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     &nbsp;
<hr />
<p style="text-align: center;">A work by <a href="https://github.com/holtzy/">Yan Holtz</a> for <a href="https://data-to-viz.com">data-to-viz.com</a></p>

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